Games for learning:
The game itself is a learning object. Learning the rules of the game and learning to play the game well develop skills that can be applied to an external concept or skill.
Learning to play the game is important and rewarded within the game itself.
Players can win or lose.
Narrative and themes are part of the game.
Gamification:
Game-style elements are applied to a learning situation. It is the content within the game that is learned, not the game itself.
Learning to play the game is not important - the reward is for understanding the content.
Losing may not possible.
May or may not include a narrative or theme.